Semaglutide is a synthetic peptide analog of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). It has been found safe and effective for use in type 2 diabetes, reducing cardiovascular risk in diabetics, and as a weight management agent in both adults and adolescents. Researchers are currently investigating whether a high dose version of semaglutide can further help combat the global obesity pandemic.
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Semaglutide belongs to a class of drugs called glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RAs). GLP-1-RAs work by mimicking the action of the hormone GLP-1, which helps regulate blood sugar levels by increasing insulin secretion and reducing the production of glucose in the liver [1].
As a GLP-1-RA, semaglutide targets GLP-1 receptors found in the pancreatic beta cells, liver cells, and brain cells. Researchers have observed a number of beneficial effects upon semaglutide’s activation of the GLP-1 receptor, including increased insulin secretion, glucagon inhibition, slowed gastric emptying, and increased satiety [1].
Semaglutide increases insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in response to elevated blood sugar levels. This enhanced insulin release helps transport glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it can be utilized for energy or stored for later use. By increasing insulin availability, semaglutide helps lower blood sugar levels, especially after meals [2].
Some studies suggest that GLP-1-RAs, including semaglutide, may improve the sensitivity of cells to insulin. This means that even at lower insulin levels, the body’s cells can respond more effectively to insulin, further aiding in blood sugar regulation [2].
In addition to enhancing insulin secretion, semaglutide also inhibits the production and release of glucagon—a hormone that works opposite to insulin. Glucagon raises blood sugar levels by promoting the release of stored glucose from the liver. By reducing glucagon levels, semaglutide helps prevent excessive glucose production, contributing to better blood sugar control [1].
The mechanisms through which semaglutide promotes weight loss may be summed up in three parts [3]:
While originally developed for the management of type 2 diabetes, semaglutide has also been found to exhibit additional benefits like weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction.
Let’s take a closer look at the known benefits of semaglutide.
Semaglutide is well-studied for its safety and efficacy in type 2 diabetes management. The following clinical development programs shed light on the peptide’s use as an antidiabetic.
Several clinical trials have evaluated the effectiveness of semaglutide for weight loss. The most notable series is the STEP (Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with Obesity) trial program, which involves large-scale phase 3 trials.
In these trials thus far, semaglutide has been administered via a once-weekly injection to participants with overweight or obesity. The trial volunteers treated with semaglutide achieved significant and sustained weight loss compared to those on placebo. The weight loss observed was typically greater than that achieved with other weight loss medications or lifestyle interventions [6].
Based on the positive results from clinical trials, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved semaglutide for chronic weight management at a higher dose than that used for diabetes, 2.4mg/weekly. The peptide has also been approved for weight reduction in obese adolescents aged 12-17 [6].
Researchers believe that semagltutide’s vast anti-inflammatory and metabolic benefits contribute to its cardioprotective potential. Semaglutide is already approved as a medication for cardiovascular risk reduction in T2D, and is currently being investigated for the same use in non-diabetics.
In the SUSTAIN 6 trial, conducted on over 3,000 patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease, semaglutide substantially reduced the incidence of cardiovascular events compared with placebo [1, 4].
Interestingly, a meta-analysis of studies on overweight hypertensive individuals without diabetes reported that semaglutide treatment can lead to a significant reduction in blood pressure. This effect may be partly attributed to the medication’s beneficial effects on weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity [7].
Semaglutide may cause side effects in some test subjects. Most of these side effects involve mild to moderate gastrointestinal disturbances, and are common among GLP-1-RAs [8]. Some adverse effects associated with semaglutide are listed below.
The most commonly reported side effects of semaglutide are [9]:
These rare but considerably more serious side effects have also been reported [9]:
Because some rodent studies showed a dose- and duration-dependent development of thyroid C-cell tumors and medullary thyroid carcinoma following semaglutide administration, subjects with a family history of these diseases or multiple endocrine neoplasia should be excluded from semaglutide trials [9].
However, the safety profile of semaglutide in humans is favorable, and there has been no data suggesting that humans are at an increased risk for developing these types of diseases while undergoing semaglutide treatment [10].
Because semaglutide increases insulin production, it should not be administered alongside insulin secretagogues due to the risk of hypoglycemia. Semaglutide should not be used by pregnant women or by children under the age of 12, and is not intended for use in type 1 diabetes [9].
Overall, research into semaglutide safety reports that it is well-tolerated by most study volunteers. Most side effects will diminish over time and should be minimal if a proper dosing schedule is followed.
Semaglutide has been FDA-approved for the treatment of both type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management, though each application requires a different dosing protocol.
Here is a brief overview of subcutaneous dosing guidelines for both indications:
Semaglutide treatment is an effective way for type 2 diabetics to keep blood sugar within a healthy range.
Here is how semaglutide is dosed for type 2 diabetes [11]:
Semaglutide for weight loss is ultimately administered at a higher maintenance dose than that for type 2 diabetes. The following dose escalation schedule is recommended for this use of semaglutide [11]:
Using bacteriostatic water as a diluent instead of sterile water allows for storing semaglutide in the refrigerator for up to 28 days [12].
The only FDA-approved products containing semaglutide pertain exclusively to the pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk. Healthcare providers may prescribe brand names Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus to qualified patients [9, 13].
Semaglutide for research purposes is also available online from select peptide vendors. Researchers interested in experimentation with semaglutide may wish to review the risks associated with online purchases of semaglutide:
Additionally, the FDA does not guarantee that any non-prescription form of semaglutide will be safe or effective. They specifically warn against the use of semaglutide sodium and semaglutide acetate, which are salt forms of semaglutide instead of the proven base form [14].
Qualified researchers can acquire semaglutide without a prescription for experimental or educational purposes.
However, caution is required to avoid buying low-grade peptide products that run the risk of hazardous side effects and ineffective research.
For researchers interested in purchasing semaglutide online, we highly recommend the following vendor for safe and pure peptides at great prices.
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Here is what to expect when placing an order:
Free shipping is available on orders over $350. Otherwise, the shipping options are:
Once the shipping method, is selected, payment can be made through the following options:
Semaglutide as a lyophilized peptide is currently in stock and available at Research Peptide.
After reading through the steps for reconstituting and administering semaglutide, researchers might be concerned about gathering all the equipment needed to do so safely.
Peptideinfo.net has long recommended this vendor as our top choice for sourcing research supplies.
On their excellent website, researchers will be able to purchase items needed for proper handling of the peptide, semaglutide.
Semaglutide should be administered once weekly subcutaneously, at a dose ranging from 0.5mg to 2.4mg, depending on the dosing schedule, research goal, and test subject’s tolerance.
Semaglutide is delivered subcutaneously, most commonly into the fatty tissue of the abdomen.
Semaglutide that is shipped in freeze-dried powder form must be reconstituted with bacteriostatic water. Reconstitute semaglutide by extracting the correct amount of bacteriostatic water and inserting the solvent into the semaglutide vial, allowing the water to slowly enter and then swirling the solution until completely dissolved.
Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that promotes weight loss, helps with the management of type 2 diabetes, and works to reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetics and overweight subjects.
For researchers who struggle with obesity or diabetes despite adopting healthy eating and exercise habits, semaglutide can be a life-changing addition to their treatment regimen. Though it is generally well-tolerated and safe, semaglutide should be administered at a low dose and gradually increased over time.
Qualified professionals looking to buy semaglutide online can feel comfortable choosing our preferred vendor for all their peptide research needs.
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